In this video cast I will be discussing the current situation in Venezuela, and explaining how Chavez and Maduro have been able to maintain power with such a high misery index.

Additional Articles and Books to read to become even more of an expert!

– “Crude Nation” by Raúl Gallegos

–  Johnson, Keith. “How Hugo Chávez Blew Up Venezuela’s Oil Patch.” Foreign Policy, 16 July 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/07/16/how-venezuela-struck-it-poor-oil-energy-chavez/

– Ana Vanessa Herrero, Anthony Faiola. “Oil-Rich Venezuela Is Running out of Gas, and Maduro Is Running out of Options.” The Washington Post, WP Company, 16 Apr. 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/venezuela-crisis-oil-gas-shortage-maduro-guaido/2020/04/15/19fd9864-7daa-11ea-84c2-0792d8591911_story.html

– Pons, Corina. “Venezuela’s Financial Crisis Exacerbated by Oil Price War, Coronavirus.” Reuters, Thomson Reuters, 3 Apr. 2020 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-oil-prices-idUSKBN21L251

Primary Sources

– Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. “Analysis: How Hugo Chavez Changed Venezuela.” BBC News, BBC, 6 Mar. 2013, www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-15240081.

– Coppedge, Michael. “Venezuela’s Vulnerable Democracy.” Journal of Democracy, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1 Jan. 2008, muse.jhu.edu/article/225498/pdf.

– “Cuba–Venezuela Relations.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 31 July 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations.

– Kiger, Patrick J. “How Venezuela Fell From the Richest Country in South America into Crisis.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 9 May 2019, www.history.com/news/venezuela-chavez-maduro-crisis.

– Martz, John D., and Jennifer L. McCoy. “The Hugo Chávez Presidency.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 16 Aug. 2020, www.britannica.com/place/Venezuela/The-Hugo-Chavez-presidency.

– Pedro E. Carrillo Professor of International Business. “How Today’s Crisis in Venezuela Was Created by Hugo Chávez’s ‘Revolutionary’ Plan.” The Conversation, 19 Sept. 2018, theconversation.com/how-todays-crisis-in-venezuela-was-created-by-hugo-chavezs-revolutionary-plan-61474.

– Scott Morgenstern Professor of Political Science, and John Polga–Hecimovich Assistant Professor of Political Science. “Why Venezuela’s Oil Money Could Keep Undermining Its Economy and Democracy.” The Conversation, 6 Mar. 2020, theconversation.com/why-venezuelas-oil-money-could-keep-undermining-its-economy-and-democracy-111013.

– “Venezuela: The Rise and Fall of a Petrostate.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, www.cfr.org/backgrounder/venezuela-crisis.